Operations

Information Analysis Incorporated (“the Company”) was incorporated under the corporate laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1979 to develop and market computer applications software systems, programming services, and related software products and automation systems.  The Company provides services to customers throughout the United States, with a concentration in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company earns revenue from both professional services and sales of software and related support.  The Company recognizes revenue when a contract has been executed, the contract price is fixed and determinable, delivery of services or products has occurred, and collectability of the contract price is considered probable and can be reasonably estimated.  Revenue from professional services is earned under time and materials and fixed-price contracts.  For sales of third-party software products, revenue is recognized upon product delivery, with any maintenance related revenues recognized ratably over the maintenance period.

Revenue on time and materials contracts is recognized based on direct labor hours expended at contract billing rates and adding other billable direct costs.

For fixed-price contracts that are based on unit pricing, the Company recognizes revenue for the number of units delivered in any given reporting period.

For fixed-price contracts in which the Company is paid a specific amount to be available to provide a particular service for a stated period of time, revenue is recognized ratably over the service period.  The Company applies this method of revenue recognition to renewals of maintenance contracts on third-party software sales and to separable maintenance elements of sales of third-party software that include fixed terms of maintenance, such as Adobe and Micro Focus software, for which the Company is responsible for “first line support” to the customer and for serving as a liaison between the customer and the third-party maintenance provider for issues the Company is unable to resolve.

The Company reports revenue on both gross and net bases on a transaction by transaction analysis using authoritative guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”). The Company considers the following factors to determine the gross versus net presentation: if the Company (i) acts as principal in the transaction; (ii) takes title to the products; (iii) has risks and rewards of ownership, such as the risk of loss for collection, delivery or return; and (iv) acts as an agent or broker (including performing services, in substance, as an agent or broker) with compensation on a commission or fee basis.  Generally, sales of third-party software products such as Adobe and Micro Focus products are reported on a gross basis with the Company acting as the principal in these arrangements. This determination is based on the following: 1) the Company has inventory risk as suppliers are not obligated to accept returns, 2) the Company has reasonable latitude, within economic constraints, in establishing price, 3) the Company, in its marketing efforts, frequently aids the customer in determining product specifications, 4) the Company has physical loss and inventory risk as title transfers at the shipping point, 5) the Company bears full credit risk, and 6) the amount the Company earns in the transaction is neither a fixed dollar amount nor a fixed percentage.  Generally, revenue derived for facilitating a sales transaction of Adobe products in which a customer introduced by the Company makes a purchase directly from the Company’s supplier or another designated reseller is recognized net when the commission payment is received since the Company is merely acting as an agent in these arrangements.  Since the Company is not a direct party in the sales transaction, payment by the supplier is the Company’s confirmation that the sale occurred. 

For software and software-related multiple element arrangements, the Company must: (1) determine whether and when each element has been delivered; (2) determine whether undelivered products or services are essential to the functionality of the delivered products and services; (3) determine the fair value of each undelivered element using vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE"), and (4) allocate the total price among the various elements. Changes in assumptions or judgments or changes to the elements in a software arrangement could cause a material increase or decrease in the amount of revenue that the Company reports in a particular period.

The Company determines VSOE for each element based on historical stand-alone sales to third parties or from the stated renewal rate for the elements contained in the initial arrangement.  The Company has established VSOE for its third-party software maintenance and support services.

The Company’s contracts with agencies of the U.S. federal government are subject to periodic funding by the respective contracting agency. Funding for a contract may be provided in full at inception of the contract, ratably throughout the contract as the services are provided, or subject to funds made available incrementally by legislators. In evaluating the probability of funding for purposes of assessing collectability of the contract price, the Company considers its previous experiences with its customers, communications with its customers regarding funding status, and the Company’s knowledge of available funding for the contract or program. If funding is not assessed as probable, revenue recognition is deferred until realization is deemed probable.

Payments received in advance of services performed are recorded and reported as deferred revenue.  Services performed prior to invoicing customers are recorded as unbilled accounts receivable and are presented on the Company’s balance sheets in the aggregate with accounts receivable.

Segment Reporting

The Company has concluded that it operates in one business segment, providing products and services to modernize client information systems.

Government Contracts

The Company believes there is minimal risk of an audit by the Defense Contract Audit Agency resulting in a material misstatement of previously reported financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of ninety days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.  Deposits are maintained with a federally insured bank.  Balances at times exceed federally insured limits, but management does not consider this to be a significant concentration of credit risk.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of trade accounts receivable and do not bear interest.  The Company typically does not require collateral from its customers.  The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly.  Accounts with receivable balances past due over 90 days are reviewed individually for collectability.  Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.  The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers.  The Company has recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $0 and $878 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

The Company forgave a note receivable from a non-officer employee during 2015 in the amount of $7,863.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.  Furniture and fixtures are depreciated over the lesser of the useful life or five years, off-the-shelf software is depreciated over the lesser of three years or the term of the license, custom software is depreciated over the least of five years, the useful life, or the term of the license, and computer equipment is depreciated over three years.  Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated term of the lease or the estimated life of the improvement, whichever is shorter.  Maintenance and minor repairs are charged to operations as incurred.  Gains and losses on dispositions are recorded in operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

At December 31, 2015, the Company had the stock-based compensation plans described in Note 9 below.  Total compensation expense related to these plans was $8,465 and $14,191 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.  The Company estimates the fair value of options granted using a Black-Scholes valuation model to establish the expense.  When stock-based compensation is awarded to employees, the expense is recognized ratably over the vesting period.  When stock-based compensation is awarded to non-employees, the expense is recognized over the period of performance.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured by applying enacted tax rates and laws for the taxable years in which those differences are expected to reverse. In addition, a valuation allowance is required to be recognized if it is believed more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be fully realized. Authoritative guidance prescribes a recognition threshold of more likely than not, and a measurement attribute for all tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return, in order for those positions to be recognized in the financial statements. The Company continually reviews tax laws, regulations and related guidance in order to properly record any uncertain tax liabilities.

Earnings Per Share

The Company’s earnings per share calculations are based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding.  The dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and other equity instruments are included for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share, except for periods when the Company reports a net loss, in which case the inclusion of such equity instruments would be antidilutive.  108,627 shares representing the dilutive effect of stock options were included in diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2015.  200,745 shares representing the dilutive effect of stock options were not included from diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2014, due to the net loss reported for the period.

Concentration of Credit Risk

During the year ended December 31, 2015, prime contracts with U.S. government agencies represented 62.5% of the Company’s revenue, an additional 23.5% of revenue came from U.S. government agencies through subcontracts, 13.8% of revenue came from commercial contracts, and 0.2% of revenue came from state and local government contracts.  Two individual prime contracts with U.S. government agencies represented 19.9% and 17.7% of 2015 revenue, respectively.  One company with which the Company subcontracts for providing services and products to U.S. government agencies represented 12.5% of 2015 revenue when all subcontracts under the company are aggregated.  One commercial customer represented 10.3% of 2015 revenue.

During the year ended December 31, 2014, prime contracts with U.S. government agencies represented 47.7% of the Company’s revenue, an additional 24.4% of revenue came from U.S. government agencies through subcontracts, 25.3% of revenue came from commercial contracts, and 2.6% of revenue came from state and local government contracts.  One prime contract with a U.S. government agency represented 17.1% of 2014 revenue.  One company with which the Company subcontracts for providing services and products to U.S. government agencies represented 10.2% of 2014 revenue when all subcontracts under the company are aggregated.  Two commercial customers represented 13.2% and 11.0% of 2014 revenue, respectively.

The Company sold third party software and maintenance contracts under agreements with two major suppliers.  These sales accounted for 25.0% of total revenue in 2015 and 35.9% of revenue in 2014.

At December 31, 2015, the Company’s accounts receivable included receivables from two U.S. government agencies that represented 27.8% and 18.7% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, respectively, receivables from two companies under which the Company subcontracts for services to U.S. government agencies that represented 11.7% and 10.6% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, respectively.

At December 31, 2014, the Company’s accounts receivable included receivables from one U.S. government agency that represented 29.0% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, receivables from one company under which the Company subcontracts for services to a U.S. government agency that represented 14.4% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable, and receivables from one commercial customer that represented 21.8% of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable.

Related Party Transactions

During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company paid a business development consultant, who is the brother of the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and President of the Company, $52,105 and $53,593, respectively, in cash compensation.

The Company’s Director of Human Resources is the spouse of the Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, she earned $124,647 and $112,950, respectively, as an employee of the Company.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB, or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." This new standard will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The core principle of the ASU is that an entity should recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services equal to the amount it expects to receive for those goods and services. The ASU requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and estimates and changes in those estimates. The ASU will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2017, and allows for both retrospective and modified-retrospective methods of adoption. The Company is in the process of determining the method of adoption it will elect and is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on its financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes” (“ASU 2015-17”). ASU 2015-17 simplifies the balance sheet classification of deferred taxes and requires that all deferred taxes be presented as noncurrent. ASU 2015-17 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASUon its financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations” (“ASU 2016-08”).  The amendments are intended to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The effective date for ASU 2016-08 is the same as the effective date for ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its financial statements and footnote disclosures.