Note 6.         Fair Value Measurements

The Company defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:

The following table represents the fair value hierarchy for the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

The following table reflects the change in fair value of our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on Level 3 inputs:

Money market funds are highly liquid investments and are included in cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets. The pricing information on these investment instruments is readily available and can be independently validated as of the measurement date. This approach results in the classification of these securities as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. See Note 2 for a discussion of the fair value of contingent consideration.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments such as accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate the related fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

There were no gains or losses on assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in 2023. The following table is a summary of losses on assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in 2022, which are included in loss from discontinued operations on the consolidated statement of operations:

During the third quarter of 2022, our Gray Matters reporting unit, which was the same as our former Blockchain SCM operating segment, experienced delays in receiving approval from its government customer of certain milestone achievements specified in our contract with that customer. This delay, in turn, resulted in a decline in the reporting unit’s estimated future cash flows. Accordingly, we performed an interim goodwill impairment test as of September 30, 2022, prior to our annual impairment test and the estimated fair value of the Gray Matters reporting unit was determined to be lower than its carrying value. In the third quarter of 2022, we recorded a non-cash pre-tax and after-tax charge of $2,254,624 to impair the carrying value of this reporting unit’s goodwill.

For our third quarter 2022 interim goodwill impairment testing, the fair value of the reporting unit was determined using an income approach based on a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model which requires a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and relies heavily on estimates of expected cash flows, an appropriate discount rate, and a terminal growth rate. Any changes in key assumptions, including failure to grow the revenue and improve the profitability of GMI, or other unanticipated events and circumstances, may affect such estimates. Fair value assessments of the reporting unit are considered a Level 3 measurement due to the significance of unobservable inputs developed using company specific information. The discount rate and terminal growth rate used in our 2022 third quarter interim impairment test for the Gray Matters reporting unit were 22.5% and 3.0%, respectively.

On January 18, 2023 we executed a non-binding letter of intent to sell of the shares of GMI to an affiliate of the venture capital firm StealthPoint LLC (“SP”). While the Company continued to believe in the long-term commercial viability of its Blockchain SCM product, we also believed that GMI would continue to incur losses for a longer period than was originally estimated and would require additional cash investment before it could generate positive cash flow. As of December 31, 2022, we determined that the ongoing discussions with SP and negotiations of potential value of our Gray Matters reporting unit were considered trigger events for purposes of evaluating the recoverability of that reporting unit and its associated goodwill.

The components of the consideration and methods for valuing them to determine the fair value of the Gray Matters reporting unit were as follows:

As a result of the December 31, 2022 impairment testing of the GMI reporting unit, we recorded a non-cash pre-tax charge for impairment of definite lived intangible assets of $3,649,193, which resulted in a deferred tax benefit of $910,147 and a non-cash pre-tax and after-tax charge of $4,205,544 to impair the remaining balance of goodwill, bringing the total goodwill impairment to $6,460,168 for 2022. We also recorded a non-cash pre-tax impairment charge of right of use assets of $113,722 which resulted in a deferred tax benefit of $16,116.

The Company consummated the transaction with StealthPoint on March 17, 2023, and immediately deconsolidated GMI. See Note 2.