Operations

Information Analysis Incorporated (the Company) was incorporated under the corporate laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1979 to develop and market computer applications software systems, programming services, and related software products and automation systems.  The Company provides services to customers throughout the United States, with a concentration in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Generally, the Company recognizes revenue when a contract has been executed, the contract price is fixed and determinable, delivery of services or products has occurred, and collectability of the contract price is considered probable and can be reasonably estimated. Revenue is earned under time and materials and fixed price contracts. For sales of third party software products, revenue is recognized upon delivery.

Revenue on time and materials contracts is recognized based on direct labor hours expended at contract billing rates and adding other billable direct costs.

For fixed price contracts that are based on unit pricing, the Company recognizes revenue for the number of units delivered in any given reporting period.

For fixed price contracts in which the Company is paid a specific amount to be available to provide a particular service for a stated period of time, revenue is recognized ratably over the service period.  The Company applies this method of revenue recognition to resale of maintenance contracts on third party software sales, as on Adobe and Micro Focus software, for which the Company is responsible for “first line support” to the customer and for serving as a liaison between the customer and the third party maintenance provider for issues the Company is unable to resolve.

The Company engages in fixed price contracts with the U.S. Government involving the complex delivery of technology products and services. Accordingly, these contracts are within the scope of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Audit and Accounting Guide for Audits of Federal Government Contractors. To the extent contracts are incomplete at the end of an accounting period, revenue is recognized on the percentage-of-completion method, on a proportional performance basis, using costs incurred in relation to total estimated costs.”

Sales of third party software products and maintenance, such as Adobe and Micro Focus products are reported on a gross basis with the Company as a principal. This determination was based on the following:  1) the Company has inventory risk as suppliers are not obligated to accept returns, 2) the Company has reasonable latitude, within economic constraints, in establishing price, 3) the Company, in its marketing efforts, frequently aids the customer in determining product specifications, 4) the Company has physical loss inventory risk as title transfers at the shipping point, 5) the Company bears full credit risk, and 6) the amount the Company earns in the transaction is neither a fixed dollar amount nor a fixed percentage.

For software and software-related multiple element arrangements, the Company must: (1) determine whether and when each element has been delivered; (2) determine whether undelivered products or services are essential to the functionality of the delivered products and services; (3) determine the fair value of each undelivered element using vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE"), and (4) allocate the total price among the various elements. Changes in assumptions or judgments or changes to the elements in a software arrangement could cause a material increase or decrease in the amount of revenue that the Company reports in a particular period.

The Company determines VSOE for each element based on historical stand-alone sales to third parties or from the stated renewal rate for the elements contained in the initial arrangement. The Company has established VSOE for its third-party software maintenance and support services.

In October 2009, the FASB amended the accounting standards for certain multiple deliverable revenue arrangements to: 1)provide updated guidance on whether multiple deliverables exist, how the deliverables in an arrangement should be separated, and how the consideration should be allocated; 2) require an entity to allocate revenue in an arrangement using best estimated selling price ("BESP") of deliverables if a vendor does not have VSOE of selling price or third-party evidence ("TPE") of selling price; and 3) eliminate the use of the residual method and require an entity to allocate revenue using the relative selling price method.

The Company elected to adopt this accounting guidance at the beginning of our first quarter of fiscal 2011 on a prospective basis for applicable transactions originating or materially modified beginning January 1, 2011. The application of these new accounting standards, if applied in the same manner to the year ended December 31, 2010, would not have had a material impact on total net revenues for that fiscal year.

The Company’s contracts with agencies of the government are subject to periodic funding by the respective contracting agency. Funding for a contract may be provided in full at inception of the contract or ratably throughout the contract as the services are provided. In evaluating the probability of funding for purposes of assessing collectability of the contract price, the Company considers its previous experiences with its customers, communications with its customers regarding funding status, and the Company’s knowledge of available funding for the contract or program. If funding is not assessed as probable, revenue recognition is deferred until realization is deemed probable.

Payments received in advance of services performed are recorded and reported as deferred revenue.  Services performed prior to invoicing customers are recorded as unbilled accounts receivable and are presented on the Company’s balance sheets in the aggregate with accounts receivable.

Segment Reporting

The Company has concluded that it operates in one business segment, providing products and services to modernize client information systems.

Government Contracts

The Company’s sales to departments or agencies of the United States government are subject to audit by the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA), which could result in the renegotiation of amounts previously billed.  Audits by DCAA were completed through the year ended December 31, 1997.  No amounts were changed as a result of the audits. Since the Company has entered into no cost plus fixed fee contracts since 1997, management is of the opinion that any disallowance of costs for subsequent fiscal years by government auditors, other than amounts already provided, will not materially affect the Company's financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For the purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of ninety days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.  Deposits are maintained with a federally insured bank.  Balances at times exceed federally insured limits, but management does not consider this to be a significant concentration of credit risk.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of trade accounts receivable and do not bear interest.  The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly.  Accounts with receivable balances past due over 90 days are reviewed individually for collectability.  Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.  The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers.  The Company has recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $141,721 and $22,152 at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.  Furniture and fixtures are depreciated over the lesser of the useful life or five years, off-the-shelf software is depreciated over the lesser of three years or the term of the license, custom software is depreciated over the least of five years, the useful life, or the term of the license, and computer equipment is depreciated over three years.  Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated term of the lease or the estimated life of the improvement, whichever is shorter.  Maintenance and minor repairs are charged to operations as incurred.  Gains and losses on dispositions are recorded in current operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

At December 31, 2011, the Company had the stock-based compensation plans described in Note 10 below.  Total compensation expense related to these plans was $6,706 and $14,036 for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, of which $0 and $5,250, respectively, related to options awarded to non-employees.  The Company estimates the fair value of options granted to establish the expense using the Black-Scholes model.  When stock-based compensation is awarded to employees, the expense is recognized ratably over the vesting period.  When stock-based compensation is awarded to non-employees, the expense is recognized immediately.

Earnings Per Share

The Company’s earnings per share calculations are based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding.  The dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and other equity instruments are included for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share, except for periods when the Company reports a net loss, in which case the inclusion of such equity instruments would be antidilutive.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

ASU 2011-04, “Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs.” In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04 to allow for common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in GAAP and IFRS. Consequently, the wording used to describe many of the requirements in GAAP for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements has changed. FASB does not intend for the changes to result in a change in the application of the requirements in the fair value standard. ASU 2011-04 clarifies the FASB’s intent about the application of existing fair value measurement requirements. ASU 2011-04 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011.  The Company does not expect ASU 2011-04 to have a material impact on its financial statements and processes.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the presentation of the current year.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured by applying enacted tax rates and laws for the taxable years in which those differences are expected to reverse. In addition, a valuation allowance is required to be recognized if it is believed more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be fully realized. Authoritative guidance prescribes a recognition threshold of more likely than not, and a measurement attribute for all tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return, in order for those positions to be recognized in the financial statements. The Company continually reviews tax laws, regulations and related guidance in order to properly record any uncertain tax liabilities.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments include trade receivables, other receivables, and accounts payable.  Management believes the carrying value of financial instruments approximates their fair value, unless disclosed otherwise in the accompanying notes.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated the period from December 31, 2011, the date of the financial statements, through the date of the issuance and filing of the financial statements, and has determined that no material subsequent events have occurred that would affect the information presented in these financial statements or require additional disclosure.